Approximate controllability of a 2D linear system related to the motion of two fluids with surface tension

Abstract

AbstractWe consider a coupled system of partial differential equations describing the interactions between a closed free interface and two viscous incompressible fluids. The fluids are assumed to satisfy the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations in time‐dependent domains that are determined by the free interface. The mean curvature of the interface induces a surface tension force that creates a jump of the Cauchy stress tensor on both sides. It influences the behavior of the surrounding fluids, and therefore the deformation of this interface via the equality of velocities. In dimension 2, the steady states correspond to immobile interfaces that are circles with all the same volume. Considering small displacements of steady states, we are lead to consider a linearized version of this system. We prove that the latter is approximately controllable to a given steady state for any time by the means of additional surface tension type forces, provided that the radius of the circle of reference does not coincide with a scaled zero of the Bessel function of first kind.