Recent Advances in Reprogramming Strategy of Tumor Microenvironment for Rejuvenating Photosensitizers‐Mediated Photodynamic Therapy

Author:

Yu Qing1,Li Xia1,Wang Juan1,Guo Lanping2,Huang Luqi2,Gao Wenyuan1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China

2. National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China

Abstract

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has recently been considered a potential tumor therapy due to its time‐space specificity and non‐invasive advantages. PDT can not only directly kill tumor cells by using cytotoxic reactive oxygen species but also induce an anti‐tumor immune response by causing immunogenic cell death of tumor cells. Although it exhibits a promising prospect in treating tumors, there are still many problems to be solved in its practical application. Tumor hypoxia and immunosuppressive microenvironment seriously affect the efficacy of PDT. The hypoxic and immunosuppressive microenvironment is mainly due to the abnormal vascular matrix around the tumor, its abnormal metabolism, and the influence of various immunosuppressive‐related cells and their expressed molecules. Thus, reprogramming the tumor microenvironment (TME) is of great significance for rejuvenating PDT. This article reviews the latest strategies for rejuvenating PDT, from regulating tumor vascular matrix, interfering with tumor cell metabolism, and reprogramming immunosuppressive related cells and factors to reverse tumor hypoxia and immunosuppressive microenvironment. These strategies provide valuable information for a better understanding of the significance of TME in PDT and also guide the development of the next‐generation multifunctional nanoplatforms for PDT.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Biomaterials,Biotechnology,General Materials Science,General Chemistry

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