Carbon Dots: Classically Defined versus Organic Hybrids on Shared Properties, Divergences, and Myths

Author:

Liang Weixiong1,Sonkar Sumit Kumar2,Saini Deepika2,Sheriff Kirkland1,Singh Buta1,Yang Liju3,Wang Ping1,Sun Ya‐Ping1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA

2. Department of Chemistry Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Rajasthan 302017 India

3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise North Carolina Central University Durham NC 27707 USA

Abstract

AbstractCarbon dots are defined as small carbon nanoparticles with effective surface passivation via organic functionalization. The definition is literally a description of what carbon dots are originally found for the functionalized carbon nanoparticles displaying bright and colorful fluorescence emissions, mirroring those from similarly functionalized defects in carbon nanotubes. In literature more popular than classical carbon dots are the diverse variety of dot samples from “one‐pot” carbonization of organic precursors. On the two different kinds of samples from the different synthetic approaches, namely, the classical carbon dots versus those from the carbonization method, highlighted in this article are their shared properties and apparent divergences, including also explorations of the relevant sample structural and mechanistic origins for the shared properties and divergences. Echoing the growing evidence and concerns in the carbon dots research community on the major presence of organic molecular dyes/chromophores in carbonization produced dot samples, demonstrated and discussed in this article are some representative cases of dominating spectroscopic interferences due to the organic dye contamination that have led to unfound claims and erroneous conclusions. Mitigation strategies to address the contamination issues, including especially the use of more vigorous processing conditions in the carbonization synthesis, are proposed and justified.

Funder

National Science Foundation

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Biomaterials,Biotechnology,General Materials Science,General Chemistry

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