1. National Power Battery Innovation Center Grinm Group Corporation Limited Beijing 100088 China
2. China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co. Ltd Beijing 101407 China
3. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
4. General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing 100088 China
5. College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
6. Department of Physics City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 China
7. Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recovery and Extraction of Rare and Precious Metals University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
8. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada