MRI‐Guided Tumor Therapy Based on Synergy of Ferroptosis, Immunosuppression Reversal and Disulfidptosis

Abstract

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells have a high demand for oxygen and glucose to fuel their growth and spread, shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can lead to a weakened immune system by hypoxia and increased risk of metastasis. To disrupt this vicious circle and improve cancer therapeutic efficacy, a strategy is proposed with the synergy of ferroptosis, immunosuppression reversal and disulfidptosis. An intelligent nanomedicine GOx‐IA@HMON@IO is successfully developed to realize this strategy. The Fe release behaviors indicate the glutathione (GSH)‐responsive degradation of HMON. The results of titanium sulfate assay, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra, 5,5’‐Dithiobis‐(2‐nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) assay and T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrate the mechanism of the intelligent iron atom (IA)‐based cascade reactions for GOx‐IA@HMON@IO, generating robust reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results on cells and mice reinforce the synergistic mechanisms of ferroptosis, immunosuppression reversal and disulfidptosis triggered by the GOx‐IA@HMON@IO with the following steps: 1) GSH peroxidase 4 (GPX4) depletion by disulfidptosis; 2) IA‐based cascade reactions; 3) tumor hypoxia reversal; 4) immunosuppression reversal; 5) GPX4 depletion by immunotherapy. Based on the synergistic mechanisms of ferroptosis, immunosuppression reversal and disulfidptosis, the intelligent nanomedicine GOx‐IA@HMON@IO can be used for MRI‐guided tumor therapy with excellent biocompatibility and safety.