Imparting Chemiresistor with Humidity‐Independent Sensitivity toward Trace‐Level Formaldehyde via Substitutional Doping Platinum Single Atom

Abstract

AbstractThe modification of metal oxides with noble metals is one of the most effective means of improving gas‐sensing performance of chemiresistors, but it is often accompanied by unintended side effects such as sensor resistance increases up to unmeasurable levels. Herein, a carbonization–oxidation method is demonstrated using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique to realize platinum (Pt) single atom (SA) substitutional doping into SnO2 (named PtSA‐SnO2). The substitutional doping strategy can obviously enhance gas‐sensing properties, and meanwhile decrease sensor resistance by two orders of magnitude (decreased from ≈850 to ≈2 MΩ), which are attributed to the tuning of band gap and fermi‐level position, efficient single atom catalysis, and the raising of adsorption capability of formaldehyde, as validated by the state‐of‐the‐art characterizations, such as spherical aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs‐corrected STEM), in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transformed spectra (in situ DRIFT), CO temperature‐programmed reduction (CO‐TPR), and theoretical calculations. As a proof of concept, the developed PtSA‐SnO2 sensor shows humidity‐independent (30–70% relative humidity) gas‐sensing performance in the selective detection of formaldehyde with high response, distinguishable selectivity (8< Sformaldehyde/Sinterferant <14), and ultra‐low detection limit (10 ppb). This work presents a generalized and facile method to design high‐performance metal oxides for chemical sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).