Surface‐Enriched Room‐Temperature Liquid Bismuth for Catalytic CO2 Reduction

Author:

Guo Jining12ORCID,Zhi Xing3,Wang Dingqi1,Qu Longbing1,Zavabeti Ali1,Fan Qining1,Zhang Yuecheng1,Butson Joshua D.1,Yang Jianing1,Wu Chao1,Liu Jefferson Zhe3,Hu Guoping14,Fan Xiaolei256,Li Gang Kevin1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia

2. Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK

3. Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia

4. Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Sciences Ganzhou Jiangxi 341119 China

5. Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute University of Nottingham Ningbo China 211 Xingguang Road Ningbo 315100 China

6. Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang University Fengnan Road Wenzhou 325006 China

Abstract

AbstractBismuth‐based electrocatalysts are effective for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction to formate. However, at room temperature, these materials are only available in solid state, which inevitably suffers from surface deactivation, declining current densities, and Faradaic efficiencies. Here, the formation of a liquid bismuth catalyst on the liquid gallium surface at ambient conditions is shown as its exceptional performance in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (i.e., CO2RR). By doping a trace amount of bismuth (740 ppm atomic) in gallium liquid metal, a surface enrichment of bismuth by over 400 times (30 at%) in liquid state is obtained without atomic aggregation, achieving 98% Faradic efficiency for CO2 conversion to formate over 80 h. Ab initio molecular simulations and density functional theory calculations reveal that bismuth atoms in the liquid state are the most energetically favorable sites for the CO2RR intermediates, superior to solid Bi‐sites, as well as joint GaBi‐sites. This study opens an avenue for fabricating high‐performing liquid‐state metallic catalysts that cannot be reached by elementary metals under electrocatalytic conditions.

Publisher

Wiley

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