Deconvolving Passive and Active Targeting of Liposomes Bearing LDL Receptor Binding Peptides Using the Zebrafish Embryo Model

Author:

Bi Dongdong1,Van Hal Anneke1,Aschmann Dennis2,Shen Mengjie2,Zhang Heyang1,Su Lu1,Arias‐Alpizar Gabriela1,Kros Alexander2,Barz Matthias13ORCID,Bussmann Jeroen1

Affiliation:

1. Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR) Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 Leiden 2333 CC The Netherlands

2. Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 Leiden 2333 The Netherlands

3. Department of Dermatology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Langenbeckstraße 1 55131 Mainz Germany

Abstract

AbstractImproving target versus off‐target ratio in nanomedicine remains a major challenge for increasing drug bioavailability and reducing toxicity. Active targeting using ligands on nanoparticle surfaces is a key approach but has limited clinical success. A potential issue is the integration of targeting ligands also changes the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (passive targeting). Direct studies to understand the mechanisms of active targeting and off‐targeting in vivo are limited by the lack of suitable tools. Here, the biodistribution of a representative active targeting liposome is analyzed, modified with an apolipoprotein E (ApoE) peptide that binds to the low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), using zebrafish embryos. The ApoE liposomes demonstrated the expected liver targeting effect but also accumulated in the kidney glomerulus. The ldlra−/‐ zebrafish is developed to explore the LDLR‐specificity of ApoE liposomes. Interestingly, liver targeting depends on the LDLR‐specific interaction, while glomerular accumulation is independent of LDLR and peptide sequence. It is found that cationic charges of peptides and the size of liposomes govern glomerular targeting. Increasing the size of ApoE liposomes can avoid this off‐targeting. Taken together, the study shows the potential of the zebrafish embryo model for understanding active and passive targeting mechanisms, that can be used to optimize the design of nanoparticles.

Publisher

Wiley

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