Polyglycerol‐Functionalized β‐Cyclodextrins as Crosslinkers in Thermoresponsive Nanogels for the Enhanced Dermal Penetration of Hydrophobic Drugs

Author:

Wang Huiyi1ORCID,Tiwari Neha1ORCID,Orellano Maria Soledad1ORCID,Navarro Lucila2ORCID,Beiranvand Zahra3ORCID,Adeli Mohsen3ORCID,Calderón Marcelo14ORCID

Affiliation:

1. POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department Faculty of Chemistry University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU Donostia‐San Sebastian 20018 Spain

2. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) Santa Fe 3000 Argentina

3. Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Lorestan University Khorramabad 68151‐44316 Iran

4. IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao 48009 Spain

Abstract

AbstractThermoresponsive nanogels (tNGs) are promising candidates for dermal drug delivery. However, poor incorporation of hydrophobic drugs into hydrophilic tNGs limits the therapeutic efficiency. To address this challenge, β‐cyclodextrins (β‐CD) are functionalized by hyperbranched polyglycerol serving as crosslinkers (hPG‐βCD) to fabricate βCD‐tNGs. This novel construct exhibits augmented encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs, shows the appropriate thermal response to dermal administration, and enhances the dermal penetration of payloads. The structural influences on the encapsulation capacity of βCD‐tNGs for hydrophobic drugs are analyzed, while concurrently retaining their efficacy as skin penetration enhancers. Various synthetic parameters are considered, encompassing the acrylation degree and molecular weight of hPG‐βCD, as well as the monomer composition of βCD‐tNGs. The outcome reveals that βCD‐tNGs substantially enhance the aqueous solubility of Nile Red elevating to 120 µg mL−1 and augmenting its dermal penetration up to 3.33 µg cm−2. Notably, the acrylation degree of hPG‐βCD plays a significant role in dermal drug penetration, primarily attributed to the impact on the rigidity and hydrophilicity of βCD‐tNGs. Taken together, the introduction of the functionalized β‐CD as the crosslinker in tNGs presents a novel avenue to enhance the efficacy of hydrophobic drugs in dermatological applications, thereby offering promising opportunities for boosted therapeutic outcomes.

Funder

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

LEO Fondet

China Scholarship Council

Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa

Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science

Publisher

Wiley

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