Limited efficacy of 3 + 7 plus gemtuzumab ozogamycin in newly diagnosed fit intermediate genetic risk acute myeloid leukemia patients

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundGemtuzumab‐ozogamycin (GO) is approved in combination with high‐dose chemotherapy for treatment‐naïve low‐ and intermediate‐risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML).AimsIn this retrospective real‐life multicenter study, we reported efficacy and safety of GO plus high‐dose chemotherapy in newly diagnosed AML patients.Methods and ResultsA total of 31 fit low‐ and intermediate‐risk AML patients treated with GO‐based regimens were retrospectively included in this real‐life multicenter study, and results were compared with a control cohort treated with 3 + 7 alone. Complete remission (CR) rate after induction was 77%, and most responders (45%) underwent two GO‐based consolidation, and minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity was observed in 17 cases (55%) after the end of consolidation. Low genetic risk was associated with increased CR rate compared with intermediate‐risk AML (88% vs. 33%; p < .001), as well as prolonged overall survival (OS; hazard ratio, 0.16; 95% confidential interval, 0.02–0.89; p < .001). GO addition resulted in a survival benefit for low‐risk AML (median OS not reached vs. 25 months; p = .19) while not for intermediate‐risk subjects (10 vs. 13 months; p = .92), compared with the control group. Moreover, GO‐treated patients experienced fever of unknown origin or sepsis in 42% or 36% of cases, respectively, with one death during induction due to septic shock, with similar rates compared with the control group (p = .3480 and p = .5297, respectively). No cases of veno‐occlusive disease after allogeneic transplantation were observed.ConclusionsOur real‐life multicenter study confirmed GO‐based treatment efficacy with high MRD negativity rates in fit newly diagnosed AML patients, especially in those with low genetic risk and core binding factor, while limited benefits were observed in intermediate‐risk AML. However, further validation on larger prospective cohorts is required.