Hardware Implementation of Next Generation Reservoir Computing with RRAM‐Based Hybrid Digital‐Analog System

Author:

Dong Danian123ORCID,Zhang Woyu123,Xie Yuanlu12,Yue Jinshan12,Ren Kuan12,Huang Hongjian123,Zheng Xu123,Sun Wen Xuan123,Lai Jin Ru124,Fan Shaoyang123,Wang Hongzhou123,Yu Zhaoan1,Yao Zhihong12,Xu Xiaoxin123ORCID,Shang Dashan123ORCID,Liu Ming123

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices Integrated Technology Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

2. Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

4. School of Microelectronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230022 China

Abstract

Reservoir computing (RC) possesses a simple architecture and high energy efficiency for time‐series data analysis through machine learning algorithms. To date, RC has evolved into several innovative variants. The next generation reservoir computing (NGRC) variant, founded on nonlinear vector autoregression (NVAR) distinguishes itself due to its fewer hyperparameters and independence from physical random connection matrices, while yielding comparable results. However, NGRC networks struggle with massive Kronecker product calculations and matrix‐vector multiplications within the read out layer, leading to substantial efficiency challenges for traditional von Neumann architectures. In this work, a hybrid digital‐analog hardware system tailored for NGRC is developed. The digital part is a Kronecker product calculation unit with data filtering, which realizes transformation of nonlinear vector of the input linear vector. For matrix‐vector multiplication, a computing‐in‐memory architecture based on resistive random access memory array offers an energy‐efficient hardware solution, which markedly reduces data transfer and greatly improve computational parallelism and energy efficiency. The predictive capabilities of this hybrid NGRC system are validated through the Lorenz63 model, achieving a normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 0.00098 and an energy efficiency of 19.42TOPS W−1.

Funder

National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars

Publisher

Wiley

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