Affiliation:
1. Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
2. Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
Abstract
AbstractFluctuating and intermittent solar energy cause shut‐down and reduce resilience of photovoltaic powered membrane (PV‐membrane) systems. A charge controller based on pre‐set voltage thresholds for supercapacitors (SC) is designed and employed on varied solar days to cope with these issues. Several parameters—number of shut‐down events (#SD), shut‐down duration (tSD) and resilience factor in flux (RFflux)—are quantified. The controller reduces tSD by 37% (partly cloudy) and 12% (very cloudy), and #SD by 2 and 13 events, respectively. During the 90 min fluctuations, tSD is shortened to 1–4.5 min and #SD is reduced by 1–4 events for feed water salinities of ≤7.5 g L−1. Increasing the PV power capacity to 600–1000 W, zero #SD occurs and RFflux rises from 0.3 to 0.8, indicating enhanced system resilience.
Subject
General Environmental Science,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
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