Carbon Dots–TiO2 Nanocomposites for the Enhanced Visible‐Light Driven Photodegradation of Methylene Blue

Author:

Sendão Ricardo M. S.1,Algarra Manuel2ORCID,Ribeiro Eduarda34,Pereira Mariana34,Gil Antonio2,Vale Nuno345ORCID,Esteves da Silva Joaquim C. G.16ORCID,Pinto da Silva Luís16ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP) Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS) Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning Faculty of Sciences University of Porto Rua do Campo Alegre s/n Porto 4169‐007 Portugal

2. INAMAT^2‐Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics Science Department Public University of Navarre Campus of Arrosadía Pamplona 31006 Spain

3. PerMed Research Group Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa Porto 4200‐450 Portugal

4. CINTESIS@RISE Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro Porto 4200‐319 Portugal

5. Department of Community Medicine Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS) Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa Porto 4200‐450 Portugal

6. LACOMEPHI GreenUPorto Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning Faculty of Sciences University of Porto Rua do Campo Alegre s/n Porto 4169‐007 Portugal

Abstract

AbstractHerein, the conjugation of carbon dots (CDs) with TiO2 nanoparticles is reported to prepare a photocatalytic nanocomposite for an enhanced visible‐light‐driven photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). CDs are prepared from citric acid (CA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) via hydrothermal treatment. Using MB as a model pollutant, it is observed that, under visible‐light irradiation, the nanocomposite presents an increment of the catalytic performance of 367% when compared to bare TiO2. This is achieved because the addition of CDs leads to increased visible‐light absorption and hinders the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Thus, CDs are capable of bridging some of the limitations posed by TiO2. Tests using reactive species scavengers indicate that the main active species involved in the photodegradation by the nanocomposites are superoxide radicals followed by hydroxyl radicals, which differs from bare TiO2. Lastly, a life cycle assessment (LCA) study shows that, when accounting for performance, the nanocomposites have lower relative environmental impacts than bare TiO2. In addition, the safety of the produced CDs is shown by in vitro assays. In summary, due to conjugation with CDs, a relevant increment in the catalytic performance of TiO2 is achieved; providing an important step toward the sustainable rational design of active visible‐light‐driven photocatalysts.

Funder

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Environmental Science,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

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