A Nationwide Analysis of Head and Neck Fibromatoses

Abstract

BackgroundHead and neck fibromatoses (HNFs) are a rare, diverse group of soft tissue tumors characterized by an abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts. Available literature on these tumors is limited to case reports and small single‐institutional studies.ObjectiveWe aim to provide demographic, socioeconomic, tumor‐related, and treatment characteristics of HNFs.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).MethodsThe NCDB was queried for fibromatosis‐related histologic codes located within the head and neck region. Various factors were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed.ResultsBetween 2004 and 2016, 130 patients were included in the analyses. Average age was 57.4 years old with a predominance of White (83.6%) males (61.5%). Non‐desmoid HNFs accounted for 60%–70% of the tumors. The salivary gland was the most common location (38.5%) and more than half of the tumors were high grade. The majority were treated surgically (90.8%) and 25% had positive margins. Mean and median overall survival (OS) were 98.9 and 135.4 months, respectively. Surgery is associated with better OS than nonsurgical alternatives. Addition of adjuvant treatments was not associated with differences in survival.ConclusionIn the largest study to date, we describe demographic, socioeconomic, tumor‐related, and treatment patterns of patients with this rare disease. These tumors are most frequently present in middle‐aged males with high‐grade histology. Most are treated surgically and positive surgical margins are common. Surgery has better OS than nonsurgical alternatives. While adjuvant radiation has become more common, we found no difference in survival compared to surgery alone.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2023