1. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
2. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
3. Kiso‐Jiban Consultants Co., Ltd. Tokyo Japan
4. Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd. Tokyo Japan
5. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Ibaraki Japan
6. National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster Tokyo Japan
7. Department of Geography Komazawa University Tokyo Japan