Castleman disease presenting as lymphadenopathy in a female with systemic lupus erythematosus: A rare case report

Abstract

Key Clinical MessageCastleman disease is an infrequent disease that affects the lymph nodes and related tissues. The condition may manifest with lymphadenopathy, characterized by the enlargement of the lymph nodes, alongside additional symptoms such as high fever, nocturnal sweating, exhaustion, and loss of body mass. The diagnosis of Castleman disease typically entails a multifaceted approach that includes a physical examination, imaging modalities, and a biopsy of the lymph nodes that are affected. The selection of treatment modalities is contingent upon the classification and extent of the disease. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been identified as a potential risk factor for the development of lymphoma, a condition that may manifest with lymphadenopathy resembling Castleman disease. Hence, it is crucial for individuals diagnosed with SLE and exhibiting lymphadenopathy to undergo a comprehensive assessment to exclude the possibility of any other associated disease. Although lymphadenopathy is a common symptom shared by both Castleman illness and SLE, these diseases have distinct etiologies and are treated in different ways. Seeking advice from a healthcare practitioner is crucial in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. A 39‐year‐old female patient with a history of SLE since 18 years ago and lupus nephritis since 6 years ago which treated with Mycophenolic Acid 2 g daily, Hydroxychloroquine 400 mg daily, and low doses of Prednisolone. Also, Mycophenolic Acid has discontinued for her 5 months ago due to the reduction of proteinuria and the control of the disease. Although the association of Castleman Disease with SLE is infrequent, establishing a connection between them could prove advantageous in the treatment and etiology of diseases.