Associations between dietary patterns and dementia‐related neuroimaging markers

Author:

Samuelsson Jessica1,Marseglia Anna2,Lindberg Olof2,Westman Eric2,Pereira Joana B.23,Shams Sara45,Kern Silke1,Ahlner Felicia1,Rothenberg Elisabet6,Skoog Ingmar17,Zettergren Anna1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit Sahlgrenska Academy Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden

2. Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Division of Clinical Geriatrics Center for Alzheimer Research Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

3. Department of Clinical Sciences Clinical Memory Research Unit Lund University Malmo Sweden

4. Department of Radiology Karolinska University Hospital The Institution for Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

5. Department of Radiology Stanford University Hospital Stanford California USA

6. Faculty of Health Science Kristianstad University Kristianstad Sweden

7. Department of Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland Mölndal Sweden

Abstract

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe exploration of associations between dietary patterns and dementia‐related neuroimaging markers can provide insights on food combinations that may impact brain integrity.METHODSData were derived from the Swedish Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study (n = 610). Three dietary patterns were obtained using principal component analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging markers included cortical thickness, an Alzheimer's disease (AD) signature score, small vessel disease, and white matter microstructural integrity. Adjusted linear/ordinal regression analyses were performed.RESULTSA high‐protein and alcohol dietary pattern was negatively associated with cortical thickness in the whole brain (Beta: −0.011; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.018 to −0.003), and with an Alzheimer's disease cortical thickness signature score (Beta: −0.013; 95% CI: −0.024 to −0.001). A positive association was found between a Mediterranean‐like dietary pattern and white matter microstructural integrity (Beta: 0.078; 95% CI: 0.002–0.154). No associations were found with a Western‐like dietary pattern.DISCUSSIONDietary patterns may impact brain integrity through neurodegenerative and vascular pathways.Highlights Certain dietary patterns were associated with dementia‐related neuroimaging markers. A Mediterranean dietary pattern was positively associated with white matter microstructure. A high‐protein and alcohol pattern was negatively associated with cortical thickness.

Funder

Alzheimerfonden

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Psychiatry and Mental health,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience,Geriatrics and Gerontology,Neurology (clinical),Developmental Neuroscience,Health Policy,Epidemiology

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