Evaluation of monkeypox‐ and vaccinia‐virus neutralizing antibodies before and after smallpox vaccination: A sero‐epidemiological study

Author:

Marchi Serena1ORCID,Piccini Giulia2,Cantaloni Paolo23,Guerrini Noemi23,Zannella Roberta2,Coluccio Rosa2,Benincasa Linda2,Solfanelli Niccolò2,Remarque Edmond J.4,Viviani Simonetta1,Kistner Otfried2,Temperton Nigel5,Montomoli Emanuele126ORCID,Manenti Alessandro2,Trombetta Claudia Maria16ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine University of Siena Siena Italy

2. VisMederi Srl Siena Italy

3. Department of Life Sciences University of Siena Siena Italy

4. Department of Virology Biomedical Primate Research Centre Rijswijk Netherlands

5. Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy Universities of Kent and Greenwich Kent UK

6. VisMederi Research Srl Siena Italy

Abstract

AbstractSince May 2022, several countries outside of Africa experienced multiple clusters of monkeypox virus (MPXV)‐associated disease. In the present study, anti‐MPXV and anti‐vaccinia virus (VACV) neutralizing antibody responses were evaluated in two cohorts of subjects from the general Italian population (one half born before the WHO‐recommended end of smallpox vaccination in 1980, the other half born after). Higher titers (either against MPXV or VACV) were observed in the cohort of individuals born before the interruption of VACV vaccination. An association between VACV and MPXV antibody levels was observed, suggesting that the smallpox vaccination may confer some degree of cross‐protection against MPXV infection. Results from this study highlight low levels of immunity toward the assessed Orthopoxviruses, especially in young adults, advocating the introduction of a VACV‐ or MPXV‐specific vaccine in case of resurgence of monkeypox disease outbreaks.

Publisher

Wiley

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