Differential expression of Type I interferon and inflammatory genes in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected patients treated with monoclonal antibodies

Author:

Maddaloni Luca1,Santinelli Letizia1,Bugani Ginevra1,Cacciola Elio G.1,Lazzaro Alessandro1,Lofaro Chiara M.1,Caiazzo Sara1,Frasca Federica2,Fracella Matteo2,Ajassa Camilla1,Leanza Cristiana1,Napoli Anna3,Cinti Lilia3,Gaeta Aurelia1,Antonelli Guido2,Ceccarelli Giancarlo14ORCID,Mastroianni Claudio M.1,Scagnolari Carolina2ORCID,d'Ettorre Gabriella1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

2. Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

3. Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

4. Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I Rome Italy

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionConsidering the reported efficacy of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the Spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in reducing disease severity, the aim of this study was to investigate the innate immune response before and after mAbs treatment in 72 vaccinated and 31 unvaccinated SARS‐CoV‐2 patients.MethodsThe mRNA levels of IFN‐I, IFN‐related genes and cytokines were evaluated using RT/real‐time quantitative PCR.ResultsVaccinated patients showed increased rate of negative SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR tests on nasopharyngeal swab compared with unvaccinated ones after mAbs treatment (p = .002). Unvaccinated patients had lower IFN‐α/ω and higher IFN‐related genes (IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IRF9, ISG15, ISG56 and IFI27) and cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐10 and TGF‐β) mRNA levels compared to vaccinated individuals before mAbs (p < .05 for all genes). Increased IFN‐α/ω, IFNAR1, IFNAR2 and IRF9 levels were observed in unvaccinated patients after mAbs treatment, while the mRNA expression ISGs and IL‐10 were reduced in all patients.ConclusionThese data suggest that anti‐S vaccinated patients have increased levels of innate immune genes compared to unvaccinated ones. Also, gene expression changes in IFN genes after mAbs administration are different according to the vaccination status of patients.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

Reference34 articles.

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