Affiliation:
1. Department of Neurology Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Pune India
2. Department of Neurology China Medical University Shenyang China
3. Department of Internal Medicine Zaporozhyea State Medical University Zaporozhyea Ukraine
4. Department of Internal Medicine Shadan Hospital and Institute of Medical Sciences Hyderabad India
5. Department of Internal Medicine, Al‐Kindy College of Medicine University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq
6. Department of Internal Medicine MNR Medical College Sangareddy India
7. Department of Neurology, Narendra Modi Medical College Gujarat University Ahmedabad India
8. Department of Neurology Dr. Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College and Hospital Neyyāttinkara Karakonam India
9. Department of Internal Medicine, Acute Medicine University Hospital Ayr Ayr Scotland UK
10. Department of Internal Medicine Sudan Academy of Sciences Khartoum Sudan
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a condition that affects movement and is usually seen in those over the age of 50. It is caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons, particularly in the substantia nigra. PD has shifted from being perceived as an uncommon condition to a significant neurological illness, mostly due to the increasing number of elderly individuals and the impact of environmental factors. Parkinson's plus syndromes, such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and vascular Parkinsonism (VaP), provide difficulties in distinguishing them clinically from PD since they have similar characteristics.MethodologyA thorough examination was performed utilizing the PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The search utilized specific keywords like “Parkinson's disease,” “Parkinson's plus syndrome,” “Lewy body dementia,” “Alzheimer's dementia,” “progressive supranuclear palsy,” and “multiple system atrophy.” The selection criteria were aimed at English‐language literature, with a particular focus on examining the connection between PD and associated disorders or dementias.Results and DiscussionParkinson's plus syndromes, such as PSP, MSA, CBD, and VaP, exhibit unique clinical characteristics, imaging results, and diverse reactions to levodopa. This makes it difficult to distinguish them from PD. LBD is characterized by Lewy bodies containing α‐synuclein, which leads to both motor and cognitive deficits. PD and Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit a complex interaction, including common pathogenic processes, genetic predispositions, and clinical characteristics of dementia.ConclusionThe interrelatedness of PD, Parkinson's plus syndromes, LBD, and AD highlights the significance of comprehending shared disease‐causing processes. Aberrant protein clumping, impaired functioning of mitochondria, increased oxidative stress, and inflammation in the brain are common factors which can be addressed for specific treatments. More research is essential for understanding complicated connections and developing effective therapies for these sophisticated neurological illnesses.