Packet Loss Compensation for VoIP through Bone‐Conducted Speech Using Modified Linear Prediction

Abstract

In this paper, we compare air‐conducted (AC) speech with bone‐conducted (BC) speech for the purpose of utilizing them in packet loss concealment (PLC) for speech quality of voice over internet protocol (VoIP). Instead of the autocorrelation method of linear prediction (LP), which was utilized in the conventional PLC techniques, we employ the modified covariance (MC) method. The MC method provides accurate LP estimation from short input data samples and avoids the numerical problem the autocorrelation method suffers from. The lost frame is compensated from both forward and backward directions in which linear gain and weighting are applied. When BC speech is used as the input speech data for PLC in the case where the speech sender is in noisy environments, BC speech behaves more accurately than the corresponding AC speech, resulting in an excellent performance of the LP‐based PLC technique. This unveils a useful use of BC speech in speech information systems. Experiments show that in severe noise environments of AC speech‐to‐noise ratio being less than 10 dB, BC speech is superior to AC speech for PLC. It is also shown that the transmitted BC speech is more accurately reconstructed for PLC than transmitted AC speech is done. © 2023 The Authors. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.