1. School of Nursing; China Medical University; 91, Hsueh-Shih Road Taichung 40402 Taiwan
2. Department of Nursing; China Medical University Hospital; 2, Yude Road Taichung 40447 Taiwan
3. Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute; Taichung Veteran General Hospital; 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Sect. 4 Taichung 40705 Taiwan
4. School of Nursing and Master Program in Long-Term Care, College of Nursing; Taipei Medical University; 250 Wuxing Street Taipei City 110 Taiwan