Circadian rhythm parameters and physical activity associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in the PREVIEW lifestyle study

Author:

Westerterp‐Plantenga Margriet S.1ORCID,Drummen Mathijs1,Tischmann Lea1,Swindell Nils2,Stratton Gareth2,Raben Anne3,Westerterp Marit4,Adam Tanja1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands

2. Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine A‐STEM Research Centre College of Engineering Swansea Wales UK

3. Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen—Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen Herlev Denmark

4. Department of Pediatrics University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands

Abstract

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was an assessment of post hoc associations among circadian rhythm parameters, physical activity (PA), and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with obesity and prediabetes after 3 years of weight loss maintenance.MethodsCircadian rhythm parameters (continuous wrist‐temperature measurements), PA, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), plasma high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, remnant cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were determined in 91 free‐living participants (mean [SD], age = 56.6 [10] years; BMI = 28.2 [4.0]; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA‐IR] = 3.2 [3.1]) and in 38 participants in sedentary respiration chamber conditions (age = 56.6 [10] years; BMI = 28.5 [4.0]; HOMA‐IR = 3.3 [1.4]). Associations of circadian rhythm parameters and PA with cardiometabolic risk factors were determined using factor analyses followed by Pearson correlations.ResultsValues of cardiometabolic risk factors were similar, whereas circadian rhythm parameters and PA differed significantly (p < 0.05) between conditions. In both conditions, parameters indicating a robust circadian rhythm associated inversely with CRP and positively with plasma HDL‐C concentrations. In free‐living conditions, PA associated inversely with SBP and HR and positively with HDL‐C and robust circadian rhythm parameters. In sedentary conditions, PA associated positively with HR and inversely with robust circadian rhythm parameters. PA mediated the inverse association of parameters indicating a robust circadian rhythm with SBP in free‐living conditions.ConclusionsIn adults with obesity and prediabetes, parameters indicating a robust circadian rhythm were, independently of PA, associated with lower cardiometabolic risk and CRP. Only in free‐living conditions, PA mediated the association of higher circadian stability with lower SBP.

Funder

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism

Seventh Framework Programme

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Nutrition and Dietetics,Endocrinology,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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