1. Center for Healthcare Outcomes and Policy and Department of Surgery; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor; Michigan
2. Surgical Weight Loss Center; Marquette General Hospital; Marquette; Michigan
3. Department of Surgery; Henry Ford Hospital; Detroit; Michigan
4. Department of Surgery; St. John Hospital and Medical Center; Detroit; Michigan
5. Department of Surgery; Detroit Medical Center; Detroit; Michigan
6. Value Partnerships Program; Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Michigan; Detroit; Michigan