Metabolic parameters predict survival and toxicity in chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy‐treated relapsed/refractory large B‐cell lymphoma

Abstract

AbstractCD19‐targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has revolutionized treatment for patients with relapsed/refractory large B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL). However, data available concerning the impact of the prognostic value of quantitative 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) parameters on the CAR T‐related outcomes and toxicities are limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of pre‐ and post‐CAR T metabolic parameters on survival and toxicities following CAR T‐cell therapy. Fifty‐nine patients with PET/CT scans done pre‐and post‐CAR T infusion were retrospectively identified and analyzed in a single institution database of LBCL patients treated with commercial CD19‐targeted CAR T‐cell therapy. The median follow‐up was 10.7 months [interquartile range (IQR): 2.6–25.5 months]. The overall response (complete response‐CR and partial response) and CR rates post‐CAR T were 76% (n = 45) and 53% (n = 31), respectively. On univariate analysis, low pre‐CAR T total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) predicted improved overall response post‐CAR T (OR = 4.7, p = 0.01, OR = 9.5, p = 0.03, respectively) and CR post‐CAR T (OR = 12.4, p = 0.0004, OR = 10.9, p = 0.0001, respectively). High TLG pre‐CAR T was correlated with cytokine release syndrome (CRS, OR = 3.25, p = 0.04). High MTV pre‐CAR T was correlated with developing immune effector cell neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) events (OR = 4.3, p = 0.01), and high SUV pre‐CAR T was associated with grade 3–4 neurological events (OR = 12, p = 0.01). High MTV/TLG/SUVmax post‐CAR T were significantly associated with inferior Overall survival (OS). On multivariate analysis, high TLG pre‐CAR T (HR = 2.4, p = 0.03), age ≥60 (HR = 2.7, p = 0.03), and bulky disease (≥5 cm) at the time of apheresis (HR = 2.5, p = 0.02) were identified to be independent prognostic factors for inferior PFS. High MTV post‐CAR T was identified as the most prognostic factor associated with inferior OS.