Ploidy effects on the relationship between floral phenotype, reproductive investment, and fitness in an autogamous species complex

Author:

García‐Muñoz Ana1ORCID,Ferrón Camilo1ORCID,Vaca‐Benito Celia1,Loureiro João2ORCID,Castro Sílvia2ORCID,Muñoz‐Pajares A. Jesús13ORCID,Abdelaziz Mohamed1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Genetics University of Granada Granada Spain

2. Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal

3. Research Unit Modeling Nature Universidad de Granada E‐18071 Granada Spain

Abstract

AbstractPremiseThe relationships between reproductive investment, phenotype, and fitness have been broadly studied in cross‐pollinated plants in contrast to selfing species, which are considered less interesting in this area because they are supposed to be a dead end in any evolutionary pathway. Still, selfing plants are unique systems to study these questions since the position of reproductive structures and traits related to flower size play an important role in female and male pollination success.MethodsErysimum incanums.l. is a selfing species complex that has three levels of ploidy (diploids, tetraploids, and hexaploids) and traits that are typically associated with the selfing syndrome. Here, we used 1609 plants belonging to these three ploidies to characterize the floral phenotype and spatial configuration of reproductive structures, reproductive investment (pollen and ovule production), and plant fitness. Then, we used structural equation modelling to analyze the relationship between all these variables across ploidy levels.ResultsAn increase in ploidy level leads to bigger flowers with anthers exserted farther and more pollen and ovules. In addition, hexaploid plants had higher absolute values for herkogamy, which is positively correlated with fitness. Ovule production significantly mediated the natural selection acting on different phenotypic traits and pollen production, a pattern that is maintained across ploidies.ConclusionsThe changes in floral phenotypes, reproductive investment, and fitness with ploidy level suggest that genome duplication can be a driver for transitions in reproductive strategy by modifying the investment in pollen and ovules and linking them with plant phenotype and fitness.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Plant Science,Genetics,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference82 articles.

1. Abdelaziz M.2013.How species are evolutionary maintained: pollinator‐mediated divergence and hybridization inErysimum mediohispanicumandE. nevadense. Ph.D. dissertation Universidad de Granada Granada Spain. Website:http://hdl.handle.net/10481/29467

2. Anther Rubbing, a New Mechanism That Actively Promotes Selfing in Plants

3. Systematics and phylogeny of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae): an overview

4. The Evolution of Selfing Is Accompanied by Reduced Efficacy of Selection and Purging of Deleterious Mutations

5. POLLEN LIMITATION OF PLANT REPRODUCTION: ECOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

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