A translational murine model of aseptic loosening with osseointegration failure

Author:

Thomson Andrew L.1ORCID,Suhardi Vincentius J.12,Niu Yingzhen13,Oktarina Anastasia1,Döring Kevin14,Chao Christina1ORCID,Greenblatt Matthew B.15ORCID,Ivashkiv Lionel B.1,Bostrom Mathias P. G.126,Yang Xu16

Affiliation:

1. Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA

2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA

3. Department of Joint Surgery The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China

4. Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

5. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA

6. Department of Orthopedic Surgery Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA

Abstract

AbstractAn in vivo animal model of a weight‐bearing intra‐articular implant is crucial to the study of implant osseointegration and aseptic loosening caused by osseointegration failure. Osseointegration, defined as a direct structural and functional attachment between living bone tissue and the surface of a load‐carrying implant, is essential for implant stability and considered a prerequisite for the long‐term clinical success of implants in total joint arthroplasty. Compared to large animal models, murine models offer extensive genetic tools for tracing cell differentiation and proliferation. The 18‐ to 22‐week‐old C57BL/6J background mice underwent either press‐fitted or loose implantation of a titanium implant, achieving osseointegration or fibrous integration. A protocol was developed for both versions of the procedure, including a description of the relevant anatomy. Samples were subjected to microcomputed tomography and underwent biomechanical testing to access osseointegration. Lastly, samples were fixed and embedded for histological evaluation. The absence of mineralized tissue and weakened maximum pull‐out force in loose implantation samples indicated that these implants were less mechanically stable compared to the control at 4 weeks postoperation. Histological analysis demonstrated extensive fibrotic tissue in the peri‐implant area of loose implantation samples and excellent implant osseointegration in press‐fitted samples at 4 weeks. Both mechanically stable and unstable hemiarthroplasty models with either osseous ingrowth or a robust periprosthetic fibrosis were achieved in mice. We hope that this model can help address current limitations for in vivo study of aseptic loosening and lead to necessary translational benefits.

Publisher

Wiley

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