Factors associated with infant sex and preterm birth status for selected birth defects from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2011

Author:

Williford Eva M.1ORCID,Yang Wei2,Howley Meredith M.1ORCID,Ma Chen2,Collins Ronnie T.2,Weber Kari A.3,Heinke Dominique4,Petersen Julie M.4,Agopian A. J.5,Archer Natalie P.6,Olshan Andrew F.7ORCID,Williams Lindsay A.8,Browne Marilyn L.19,Shaw Gary M.2ORCID,

Affiliation:

1. Birth Defects Registry New York State Department of Health Albany New York USA

2. Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA

3. Arksansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention and Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA

4. Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention Massachusetts Department of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA

5. Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences UTHealth School of Public Health Houston Texas USA

6. Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries Section Texas Department of State Health Services Austin Texas USA

7. Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA

8. Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA

9. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health University at Albany Rensselaer New York USA

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundBirth defects and preterm birth co‐occur, with some overlapping risk factors. Many birth defects and preterm births tend to have a male preponderance. We explored potential risk factors impacting sex and preterm (<37 weeks of gestation) birth differences among infants with selected birth defects delivered from 1997 to 2011 using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS).MethodsThe NBDPS was a large multisite, population‐based case–control study. Using random forests, we identified important predictors of male preterm, female preterm, and male term, each compared with female term births for each birth defect. Using logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios for associations between important predictors and sex‐preterm birth status by birth defect.ResultsWe examined 11,379 infants with nine specific birth defects. The top 10 most important predictors of sex‐preterm birth status from the random forests varied greatly across the birth defects and sex‐preterm comparisons within a given defect group, with several being novel factors. However, one consistency was that short interpregnancy interval was associated with sex‐preterm birth status for many of the studied birth defects. Although obesity has been identified as a risk factor for preterm birth and birth defects in other research, it was not associated with sex‐preterm birth status for any of the examined defects.ConclusionsWe confirmed expected associations for sex‐preterm birth status differences and found new potential risk factors for further exploration among the studied birth defects.

Funder

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Developmental Biology,Toxicology,Embryology,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

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