Stability analysis and numerical approximate solution for a new epidemic model with the vaccination strategy

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a new mathematical epidemic model with the effect of vaccination. We formulate a Susceptible‐High risk‐Infective‐Recovered‐Vaccinated (SHIRV) model in which the susceptible individuals with a higher probability of being infected (H) are selected as a separate class. We study the dynamical behavior of this model and define the basic reproductive number, . It is proved that the disease‐free equilibrium is asymptotically stable if , and it is unstable if . Also, we investigate the existence and stability of the endemic equilibrium point analytically. For the system of differential equations of the SHIRV model, we give an approximating solution by using the Legendre‐Ritz‐Galerkin method. Finally, we study the influence of vaccination on measles and smallpox, two cases of the epidemic, using the proposed method in this paper. Numerical results showed that choosing high‐risk people for vaccination can prevent them from getting infected and reduce mortality in the community.