Chemical ablation of the gallbladder

Abstract

Abstract Background Chemical ablation of the gallbladder might avoid the need for surgery in elderly, unfit patients. This study examined the efficacy of various chemicals in destroying gallbladder mucosa. Methods Ninety-five per cent ethanol, 3 per cent sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STD), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) 2 mol/l, tetracycline 50 mg/ml, 30 and 50 per cent phenol, and a mucosal exfoliant solution (compound ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid) were tested for gallbladder ablation in rabbits. Histology was obtained 8 weeks after exposure to these chemicals. Results Thirty per cent phenol, tetracycline, TFA and ethanol when used as single agents were moderately effective in causing complete gallbladder mucosal obliteration, 50 per cent phenol caused a macroscopic burn of the entire gallbladder. The mucosal exfoliant solution and STD on their own did not cause mucosal destruction but had significantly enhanced efficacy when combined with 95 per cent ethanol, allowing reliable mucosal destruction with a 5-min contact duration. Conclusion Ninety-five per cent ethanol and STD after pretreatment with a mucosal exfoliant solution may be the combination of choice for in situ gallbladder mucosal ablation.