Investigation on the Synthesis, Biomineralization, Mechanical Strength and Biocompatibility of Rankinite Bioceramics Derived from Eggshell and Rice Husk Waste for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

AbstractSilicate bioceramics has an integrative advantage over metallic and polymeric biomaterials that have been widely employed for the reclamation of recreating the injured bone tissues. This advantage allows silicate bioceramics to replace damaged bone tissues in a natural way. The current study attempts the development of rankinite from eggshell and rice husk wastes. CaO and SiO2 extracted from the biowaste were combined in the stoichiometric ratio, resulted in the formation of highly crystalline single phasic rankinite upon calcination at 1300 °C. Further the formation of rankinite was confirmed with the analytical techniques such as XRD, FT‐IR, SEM and HRTEM respectively. In‐vitro bioactivity studies of rankinite publicized that the complete coverage of the surface with HAp layer was observed within 9 days of immersion in the SBF medium. The scaffolds when subjected to the compressive strength analysis after 9 days of immersion in SBF, rankinite showed the mechanical strength of about 179 MPa which falls under the human cortical bone level. The cytotoxicity results of rankinite showed high percentage cell viability at lower concentration (6.25 μg/mL) against MG63 cell lines. The results conferred that rankinite derived from biowaste showed excellent apatite nucleation and compatible mechanical strength for bone tissue engineering applications.