Performance amelioration of concerted voltage‐frequency regulation of multiarea hybrid power systems under restructured pattern using electric vehicles and interline power flow controller

Abstract

AbstractElectric power consumers need a stable and reliable electricity supply for their appliances. Voltage and frequency fluctuate owing to the gain in intermittent renewable energy sources in hybrid power systems (PSs). To mitigate these issues, this article proposed a new cascade controller named proportional‐derivative with filter and fractional‐order tilt‐integral‐derivative with filter (CPDN‐FOTIDN), controller for combined voltage and frequency control of three areas hybrid PS under deregulated environment. Hybrid PS comprises hydro, thermal, and geothermal power plant, modern electric vehicles (EVs), and interline power flow controller (IPFC). To make the analysis more realistic of the hybrid PS, more appropriate nonlinearities are considered. The artificial flora algorithm is employed for tuning controller parameters with several studies to obtain the desired response. Comparative analysis of dynamics responses reveals the superiority of the CPDN‐FOTIDN controller relative to PIDN and FOTIDN controllers under the three different power transactions. Investigations exhibited the performance enhancement of combined voltage and frequency control of hybrid PS after the integration of EVs into the considered system. Simulation results show that the EVs are a quick response in the presence of a CPDN‐FOTIDN controller compared to TID, and FOTID controllers during the system disturbance. Inter‐area oscillations improve after integration of IPFC into the system and the optimal location was found between area 1 and 2. Sensitivity studies demonstrated the sturdiness of the proposed controller against a wide variation of the system loading.