Field‐scale measurements of soil physico‐chemical profiles of the Potohar region in the Indus basin of Pakistan

Abstract

AbstractSoil physico‐chemical properties are important for best management practices. We measured infiltration, bulk density, texture, water retention and chemical profiles from the surface to 1.0 m and lithology to 50 m depths at 30 sites. The infiltration data were fitted to the cumulative and infiltration rate models of Philip and Horton. The same sites were used for water retention, physico‐chemical properties and lithological assessment. The cumulative models fit persistently better than their infiltration rate forms. The Horton cumulative model fitted statistically better than the corresponding Philip model. The dominant steady‐state infiltration rates were 15–30 and 30–45 mm h−1 over the entire profile. Sandy loam, loam and silt loam were the dominant soils. The percentages of sandy loam decreased, whereas silt loam increased, with depth. Water retention parameters and lithological strata were diverse and in harmony with physiography. Soil organic matter varied up to 2.5%. No sodicity or salinity was detected except in sparse saline seeps. The central tendency and extrema of the measured parameters were compatible with the literature, and the CVs of the soil hydraulic parameters were greater than those of the physical parameters. Comprehensive data are presented, which will serve as an important reference for regional and global repositories.