1. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan
2. Department of Emergency Medicine University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA
3. Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
4. Senshu Trauma and Critical Care Center Rinku General Medical Center Osaka Japan
5. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
6. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital Kanagawa Japan