1. Department of Endodontics College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois
2. Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Ishikari‐Tobetsu, Hokkaido Japan
3. Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry College of Dentistry, Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
4. Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Ishikari‐Tobetsu, Hokkaido Japan
5. Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry Tohoku University Aoba‐ku, Sendai Japan