Simulations and Suitability Study of Inorganic Cu‐Based Hole‐Transport Layers in Planar CH3NH3SnI3‐Based Perovskite Solar Cell and Module

Abstract

Hybrid perovskite light‐harvesting materials offer a high absorption coefficient, solution‐based synthesis techniques, and tunable bandgap, making them ideal for high‐performance renewable energy devices. The primary focus of current investigations is the design and comparative numerical investigation of solar cells. Key aspects with a substantial influence on device output, such as quantum efficiency, surface depth, bandgap tuning, interfacial defect densities, thicknesses of structural layers, temperature, carrier generation, and recombination rates, are explored and optimized. The investigation of Cu‐based hole‐transport layers (HTLs) has revealed that Cu2O (power conversion efficiency [PCE] = 22.60%), CuCrO2 (PCE = 22.25%), and CuI (PCE = 21.54%) have shown remarkable photovoltaic parameters with high carrier generation and reduced recombination rates. CuCrO2 has shown significant electrical parameters, which are further incorporated into the module simulation software PVsyst. Calculations are performed with a combination of 72 cells in series for a solar module of standard weight 27 kg and dimensions 2.20 m × 1.10 m in Islamabad, Pakistan. The module has shown an impressive power output of 523.40 W and an annual performance ratio of 88.6%. Simulated results endorse a viable and technically feasible route to incorporate Cu‐based HTLs into the design of perovskite absorber‐based solar cells and modules to increase their efficiency and maximize power production.