Partition of humic acids using alkaline aqueous two‐phase systems constituted of alcohol and hydroxides

Author:

Vieira Fabiane M.1,Buarque Filipe S.2,Gomes Paula G.C.3,Souza Ranyere L.45ORCID,Soares Cleide M. F.45ORCID,Santana Maria H. A.1,Lima Álvaro S.3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Faculdade de Engenharia Química Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brasil

2. Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

3. Federal University of Bahia Salvador Brazil

4. Universidade Tiradentes Aracaju‐Sergipe Brasil

5. Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa. Av. Murilo Dantas Aracaju‐Sergipe Brasil

Abstract

AbstractBACKGROUNDHumic acids (HAs) are macromolecules classified within the group of humic substances that are mainly related to the agricultural and environmental sectors, but they have attracted interest from the medicine, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. However, these latter sectors depend on developing extraction and purification technologies for adequate use. Thus, this paper aims to study the partitioning and recovery of HA using alkaline two‐phase aqueous systems (ATPSs) based on alkali metal‐based hydroxides and alcohols. Initially, the influence of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1‐propanol, and 2‐propanol) and hydroxides [sodium (NaOH), potassium (KOH) and lithium (LiOH)] in the phase diagrams construction was addressed.RESULTSThe phase formation is correlated to an increase in the hydrophobicity of alcohols and hydroxides, which allows for the enlargement of the biphasic region. In the proposed systems, HA is always partitioned to the hydroxide‐rich phase. Increasing the hydrophobicity of the alcohol favors the migration of HA to the opposite phase, while increasing the hydrophilicity of the hydroxides leads to better partition and recovery values. It was observed that increasing TLL favors the recovery of HA. Furthermore, there was a decrease in alcohol concentration in the hydroxide‐rich phase with an increase in the alkyl chain and TLL, improving the recovery. Finally, the best reached‐recovery value was 98.18 ± 0.41% (KHA = 0.038 ± 0.02) for ATPS formed by 1‐propanol + NaOH with TLL ≈ 55 at 298 K.CONCLUSIONSAlkaline systems can be a novel route for recovering humic substances from the environment. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Funder

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Publisher

Wiley

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