1. Department of Nursing Jenteh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management Hou‐Loung Town Miaoli County Taiwan
2. Department of Nursing Mackay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan, R.O.C.
3. College of Nursing & Health Sciences, DaYeh University Changhua Taiwan, R.O.C.
4. College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C.