1. Department of Geriatric Health Promotion Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology 35‐2 Sakae‐cho, Itabashi‐ku Tokyo 173‐0015 Japan
2. Department of Cardiology Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology Tokyo Japan
3. Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology Tokyo Japan
4. Department of Rehabilitation Juntendo University Tokyo Japan
5. Japanese Association for Healthy Life Expectancy Tokyo Japan
6. Department of Cardiac Surgery Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology Tokyo Japan
7. Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology Tokyo Japan