1. Faculty of MedicineCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
3. and Graduate Institute of MedicineCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
4. Department of Anesthesiology Kaohsiung Municipal Ta‐Tung Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan
5. Department of Anesthesiology Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao‐Kang Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan
6. Department of Anesthesiology Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan