High‐Performance 2.2 V Asymmetric Supercapacitors Achieved by Appropriate Charge Matching between Ultrahigh Mass‐Loading Mn3O4 and Sodium‐Jarosite Derived FeOOH

Abstract

AbstractFor the advancement of high‐energy asymmetric supercapacitors, the breakthrough point is matching charge storage capacity and balanced electrode kinetics between the positive and negative electrodes. Herein, Mn3O4 nanosheets composed of nanoparticles are anchored on activated carbon cloth (ACC) as the positive electrode by electrodeposition. FeOOH nanoparticles derived from NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 truncated cubes serve as the negative electrode. Due to the unique sheet‐like network structure, ultrahigh mass‐loading (73.3 mg cm−2), and enhanced kinetics, the Mn3O4@ACC electrode exhibits an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 12.77 F cm−2. Besides, the FeOOH@ACC electrode with a low‐crystalline structure also exhibits a maximum specific capacitance of 17.84 F cm−2. The Na+ diffusion process, the charge storage mechanism, and the electrochemical reaction kinetics of the Mn3O4@ACC are investigated by ex situ characterization. Theoretical calculations show that Mn3O4 has metallic electronic conductivity and reveal the adsorption and diffusion mechanism of Na ions during the electrode process. The assembled aqueous Mn3O4//FeOOH asymmetric supercapacitor  device successfully extends the operating voltage to 2.2 V and exhibits a high energy density of 3.75 mWh cm−2 and ultra‐long cycle life (81.6% capacity retention after 26,000 cycles). Therefore, this study provides a feasible pathway for the further development of asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy density.