Porous Conductive Hybrid Composite with Superior Pressure Sensitivity and Dynamic Range

Abstract

AbstractPorous conductive composites hold immense promise in flexible sensors and soft robotics due to their pressure‐responsive electrical conductivity. Unlike non‐porous composites whose pressure sensitivity is limited by relatively high elastic modulus, porous materials show improved pressure sensitivity owing to their lower stiffness. Despite this, existing porous composites still suffer from insufficient pressure sensitivity or narrow detection ranges, severely restricting their applications. This work presents a liquid metal hybrid filler porous composite to address these issues. Through experiment and simulation optimization, the composite exhibits a conductivity increase of five order‐of‐magnitude over 0–250 kPa, demonstrating a 900% higher pressure sensitivity than the best non‐porous counterpart in this work. The composite maintains a highly linear response (R2 of 0.999) over an exceptionally wide dynamic range up to 8.9 MPa, with a pressure sensitivity of 8.1 MPa–1, surpassing the state‐of‐the‐art in both pressure range and sensitivity. A proof‐of‐concept pressure sensor array further demonstrates the composite's excellent sensing performance, showing stable response under 100‐cycle loading with a measured pressure deviation of only 1.4%, outperforming existing commercial pressure sensors in terms of sensitivity, detection range and cyclic stability. The porous material design strategy opens doors for high sensitivity pressure sensors in wearable devices, flexible electronics, and soft robotics.