Regulating Lithium Nucleation at the Electrolyte/Electrode Interface in Lithium Metal Batteries

Author:

Lin Liang1ORCID,Zheng Hongfei2,Luo Qing1,Lin Jie1,Wang Laisen1,Xie Qingshui13,Peng Dong‐Liang1,Lu Jun24ORCID

Affiliation:

1. State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China

2. College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 P. R. China

3. Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China

4. Quzhou Institute of Power Battery and Grid Energy Storage Quzhou Zhejiang 324003 P. R. China

Abstract

AbstractLithium (Li) metal has emerged as a viable alternative anode material to address the current energy density shortfalls in Li batteries. However, its integration into widespread implementation remains somewhat constrained due to the substandard reversibility issues and safety concerns arising from erratic Li deposition. To effectively tackle these obstacles, considerable endeavors have been exerted to modulate the morphology of Li deposition. Nevertheless, it is exceedingly challenging for Li nuclei that tend to dendritic growth thermodynamically to transform into dense Li morphologies during their growth process. Therefore, it is crucial to understand what influences the formation process of Li nuclei and how to improve the state of Li nuclei. Herein, Li nucleation mechanisms involving mass transport across the solid electrolyte interface from electrolyte to electrode and electrode interfacial reactions are elucidated. Inspired by the understanding of Li nucleation, the corresponding design principles, including enhancing and homogenizing mass transport, stabilizing solid electrolyte interface film, and regulating surface interaction/selection, are summarized for optimizing Li nucleation and further inducing dendrite‐free Li deposition. In light of the competition among these design principles, a perspective on the existing challenges and opportunities for further promoting the application of Li metal batteries is proposed.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province

Publisher

Wiley

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