Aromatic Ring–Mediated Nonspecific Signaling Mechanism and Nafion‐Dominated Solution in Graphene Field‐Effect Transistor–Based Nucleic Acid Biosensors

Author:

Chen Shuo1,Lyu Yongkang1,Sun Yang2,Wei Qin3,Chen Chuansong1,Chen Lei4,Zhang Xinhao1,Ma Heqi1,Sun Tianyu1,Gao Wen1,Xu Yazhe1,Man Baoyuan1,Meng Qingtian1,Yang Cheng15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Physics and Electronics Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China

2. Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China

3. College of Intelligence and Information Engineering Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250355 P. R. China

4. College of Life Sciences Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China

5. Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China

Abstract

AbstractGraphene field‐effect transistors (G‐FETs) have attracted widespread attention in disease diagnosis, benefiting from these advantages of high sensitivity, label‐free, easy integration, and direct detection of nucleic acids (NAs) in liquid environments. However, the problem of nonspecific signals in G‐FETs is not fundamentally solved due to a lack of systematic theoretical research to support the development of effective solutions. Thus, researchers have to rely on speculative mechanisms to minimize nonspecific signals in experiments as much as possible. Herein, the nonspecific signal mechanism caused by eight types of ππ interaction paths mediated by aromatic rings is theoretically determined. Based on theoretical simulation results, the feasibility of blocking nonspecific signal paths through Nafion functionalization methods is experimentally verified. Experiments confirm that Nafion‐modified G‐FETs (NMG‐FETs) have excellent performance in avoiding nonspecific signals compared to traditional G‐FETs. Furthermore, the NMG‐FET achieves ultra‐sensitive detection of Down syndrome–related DNA down to 1 aM and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) RNA down to 5 aM, and shows good specificity in base recognition. This study is expected to promote the theoretical advancement of the nonspecific signal mechanism in G‐FET NA detection and offer a practical strategy for improving signal purity and accuracy.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Electrochemistry,Condensed Matter Physics,Biomaterials,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

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