Affiliation:
1. Laboratory of Advanced Materials Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Academy for Engineering & Technology Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
2. Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment School of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
3. Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311100 China
4. Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 China
Abstract
AbstractUltra‐long‐life (at least 10 000 cycles) lithium‐ion batteries are very effective for stationary energy‐storage applications. However, even “zero‐strain” materials with small unit‐cell‐volume changes of <1% cannot last for ultra‐long cycles due to gradually accumulated intracrystal strain/stress. Here, Li[Li0.2Cr0.4Ti1.4]O4 is explored as the first absolutely‐zero‐expansion material with unit‐cell‐volume variations of zero during Li+ storage. Its absolutely‐zero‐expansion mechanism is intensively studied, revealing that 16c‐octahedron shrinkage fully offsets 16d‐octahedron expansion through reversible O2− movement. It delivers better cycling stability than, as far as we know, all electrochemical energy‐storage materials previously reported. Its capacity retention at 10 C and 1.0 mg cm−2 after 17 000 cycles reaches 91.5%. When the active‐material loading significantly increases to 6.4 mg cm−2, its capacity retention at 5 C after 500 cycles reaches 95.7%. At an elevated temperature of 45 °C, it not only keeps excellent cycling stability but also exhibits significantly enhanced rate capability. Therefore, Li[Li0.2Cr0.4Ti1.4]O4 is especially suitable for stationary energy storage.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
Subject
Electrochemistry,Condensed Matter Physics,Biomaterials,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials