Mechanical, Morphological, and Charge Transport Properties of NDI Polymers with Variable Built‐in Π‐Conjugation Lengths Probed by Simulation and Experiment

Author:

Zhao Dan123,Kim Donghyun4,Ghosh Sarbani5,Wang Gang1,Huang Wei12,Zhu Zonglong3,Marks Tobin J.1,Zozoulenko Igor6,Facchetti Antonio17ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston, IL 60208 USA

2. School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China

3. Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong

4. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg SE 412 96 Sweden

5. Department of Chemical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Rajasthan 333031 India

6. Laboratory of Organic Electronics Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden

7. School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

Abstract

AbstractMechanically deformable polymeric semiconductors are a key material for fabricating flexible organic thin‐film transistors (FOTFTs)—the building block of electronic circuits and wearable electronic devices. However, for many π‐conjugated polymers achieving mechanical deformability and efficient charge transport remains challenging. Here the effects of polymer backbone bending stiffness and film microstructure on mechanical flexibility and charge transport are investigated via experimental and computational methods for a series of electron‐transporting naphthalene diimide (NDI) polymers having differing extents of π‐conjugation. The results show that replacing increasing amounts of the π‐conjugated comonomer dithienylvinylene (TVT) with the π‐nonconjugated comonomer dithienylethane (TET) in the backbone of the fully π‐conjugated polymeric semiconductor, PNDI‐TVT100 (yielding polymeric series PNDI‐TVTx, 100 ≥ x ≥ 0), lowers backbone rigidity, degree of texturing, and π–π stacking interactions between NDI moieties. Importantly, this comonomer substitution increases the mechanical robustness of PNDI‐TVTx while retaining efficient charge transport. Thus, reducing the TVT content of PNDI‐TVTx suppresses film crack formation and dramatically stabilizes the field‐effect electron mobility upon bending (e.g., 2 mm over 2000 bending cycles). This work provides a route to tune π–π stacking in π‐conjugated polymers while simultaneously promoting mechanical flexibility and retaining good carrier mobility in FOTFTs.

Funder

Science and Engineering Research Board

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas

Office of Science

National Science Foundation

Air Force Office of Scientific Research

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Electrochemistry,Condensed Matter Physics,Biomaterials,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

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