Template‐Assisted Electrospun Ordered Hierarchical Microhump Arrays‐Based Multifunctional Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Tactile Sensing and Animal Voice‐Emotion Identification

Abstract

AbstractThe development of flexible and adaptable multifunctional sensing systems for human–machine interaction, especially for animal voice‐emotion identification, is highly desirable yet quite challenging. Herein, a multifunctional triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on ordered hierarchical microhump arrays is proposed and fabricated by template‐assisted electrospinning with a facile, low‐cost, and expandable manufacturing process. Performances of a single‐electrode TENG based on the patterned nanofiber films with microhump arrays (NFM‐TENG) are studied in detail by varying mesh number of the template. Electric field structure of the collector is altered by pore sizes, wire diameters, and protrusions of the receiving templates subjected to different mesh numbers, generating different degrees of microhump arrays on the surface of the nanofiber film. NFM‐TENG demonstrates high sensitivity (15.94 mV Pa−1), fast response and recovery time (76 and 58 ms), a large power density of 122 mW m−2, and excellent ability of structural retention. Integrated with four functions of energy harvesting, pressure sensing, human physiological sensing, and animal voice‐emotion identification, NFM‐TENG achieves real‐time monitoring of human physiological, motion, handwriting, and animal voice‐emotion signals without an external power supply. This study shows significant application strategies for self‐powered human–machine interaction devices, novel animal voice‐emotion identification, biodiversity conservation, and so on.