An Enzyme‐Engineered Coppery Nanozyme for High‐Efficiency Mild Photothermal/Chemodynamic/Starvation Therapy Through Self‐Reinforcing Cancer Energy Metabolism Regulation

Abstract

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) has a great prospect in further improving tumor therapeutic outcomes, whereas its efficiency is restrained by low light penetration, excessive heat damage to normal tissues, up‐regulated heat shock proteins (HSPs), and limited effect of single treatment. Herein, an enzyme‐engineered coppery nanozyme based on dendritic mesoporous coppery carbon nanosphere as the cornerstone to load with glucose oxidase (GOx) followed by modification with hyaluronic acid is constructed. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the obtained coppery nanozyme exhibits peroxidase and glutathione oxidase mimicking activities to improve hydroxyl radicals (•OH) production. Furthermore, both the generation of •OH production and GOx‐induced energy supply blockade can reduce HSPs expression to enhance the mild PTT (η = 34.9 %) of coppery nanozyme upon the irradiation of 1064 nm laser, and in turn, accelerate the catalytic processes of coppery nanozyme for more generation of •OH. Last but not least, the introduction of copper can induce lipoylated protein dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase aggregation to cause cellular cuproptosis. Due to the synergy of multiple therapies, the tumor inhibition rate can reach 93.4%. Overall, this work provides an effective strategy for potential tumor treatment on the basis of synergistic therapies.