Perovskitizer Tuning Pb2+ 6s2 Lone Pair Effects in Hybrid Perovskite Halide Enables Multiaxial Self‐Powered X‐Ray Detection

Abstract

AbstractThe stereochemical expression of the ns2 lone pair significantly impacts symmetry breaking and corresponding photoelectric properties. However, hindered by the symmetric octahedral configuration, the Pb2+ 6s2 lone pair in the well‐conductive lead halide hybrid perovskites (LHHP) are normally stereo‐inactive, new approaches to activate the 6s2 lone pair are still greatly desired. Herein, by exploiting a perovskitizer tuning Pb2+ lone pair method, the study successfully obtains a stereo‐active 6s2 in the polar perovskite PA2MHy2Pb3Br10 (PMPB, PA = n‐propylamine, MHy = methylhydrazine), and unprecedentedly performs a multiaxial self‐powered X‐ray detection. In detail, the stereo‐active 6s2 lone pair is caused by the coordination bond between the perovskitizer MHy and Pb atom. Emphatically, the N‐Pb bond induces a large angular distortion parameter (≈45 times larger than other LHHP) and the lowest‐symmetric space group (P1) crystallization. Therefore, PMPB natively contains multiaxial polarization, which acts as the driving force to separate and transport the X‐ray‐generated carriers, thus enabling multiaxial self‐powered X‐ray detection with a low detection limit (129 nGy s−1). This work reveals the relationship between stereo‐active lone pair and polarization and sheds light on future X‐ray detection.