Affiliation:
1. Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of High‐Performance Polymer‐based Composites of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
2. Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Laboratory for Photonic‐Thermal‐Electrical Energy Materials and Devices Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau Avenida da Universidade Taipa Macao SAR 999078 China
3. School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
4. Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Jieyang 515200 China
Abstract
AbstractHerein, a new fibrous conjugated microporous polymer bearing phenazine species (PNZ‐CMP) is reported as a universal and ultrastable electrode to host various mono‐ and multi‐valent charge carriers for diverse aqueous rechargeable cells combining rapid kinetics, ultralong lifespan, and chemical rechargeability. The porous cross‐linked structure, interconnected donor‐acceptor network, and readily accessible active sites endow PNZ‐CMP with highly‐reversible redox activity, superhydrophilicity, facile electron transport, high ion diffusion coefficient, and all‐pH‐adaptability (−1 to 15) in aqueous electrolytes. Thus, adopting PNZ‐CMP electrodes enables good compatibility with H+/Li+/Na+/K+/Zn2+/Al3+ ions and fast surface‐controlled redox reactions for diverse aqueous battery chemistry. Multiple PNZ‐CMP‐based full cells show superior electrochemical performance especially ultralong lifespan, e.g., ≈84% capacity retention over 200 days for K+, ≈100% over 127 days for Zn2+, and ≈76% over 47 days for anion‐coordinated Al ions, surpassing small molecule counterparts and most previously‐reported corresponding systems. The spontaneous redox chemistry of reduced phenazine species with O2 is first explored to render PNZ‐CMP with repeatable chemical self‐chargeability in four electrolytes. Especially in 0.05 m H2SO4, an accumulative discharge capacity up to 48505 mAh g−1 is achieved via facile self‐charging, which can originate from the “reactive antiaromaticity to stable aromaticity” conversion of the redox moieties as revealed by theoretical studies.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
Subject
Electrochemistry,Condensed Matter Physics,Biomaterials,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials